only few是不是符合英语惯使用方法
■倪肖丁(西安)
《英语惯使用方法大词典》(吕志士中国科技出版社1994,p771)说:only few和so few等于few,表示否定。比如:only few of them care to sing a song.接着又说:only a few, but a few等于few,表示否定。比如:only a few people were present at the meeting.
读了上述文字后,我感到有点困惑:
1.如何从来没见过only few这种使用方法呢?only本身具备“仅有”的微量含义,修饰few逻辑上讲得通吗?
2.假如only few与only a few都等于few,那样它们的意思就没不同。难道原本具备一定意义的a few和具备否定意义的few,在前面加了only将来不同消失了吗?
携带以上的困惑寻求答案的过程中发现,我的困惑并不是无中生有,《英语惯使用方法大词典》的上述解说和例句的确有问题。
1.英语习惯上说only a few而不说only few。比如,CGEL在谈到few, little, barely, hardly, rarely, seldom等近似否定词(approximate negators)时指出:近似否定词内部的状况也不尽相同。作为句否定标记词,rarely和seldom有哪些用途比其它近似否定词要弱,因此这两个词可以被only强调,而其它不可以(These two can be the focus foronly, while the others cannot)。比如:
She visits her parentsonly rarely.
但不说*She had readonly fewof the letters.
也不说*She had doneonly hardlyanything about it.
剑桥版英语语法课程English Grammar In Use(2012)在Unit 87讲到关于数目限定词little和few的使用方法时指出:……
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