尊敬的曹老师,对于后置定语的修饰对象问题我有以下几个方面疑惑:
1.new guidelines for tort law explaining several confusingpoints.
其中explaining several confusingpoints是不是与for tort law一同修饰new guidelines?理解为修饰for tort law有什么不妥?
2.coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes.
其中to maximize profits理解为修饰businessmen或者desire好像都可以?
3.We have made a number of creative advances in theoretical research and applied science which are up to advanced world levels.
其中which are up to advanced world levels为修饰advances的后置定语,中间插入了介词短语作状语?还是理解为与介词短语一道均作advances的后置定语?
因此学生有了什么时间疑惑,关于后置定语的修饰对象问题,名词+定语1+定语2。怎么分辨定语2修饰定语1还是最前面的名词?英语在此是不是有哪些规律?(大部分状况下后置定语都是修饰前一个,一同修饰一个名词状况较少?)只能依据语义逻辑来判断具体修饰对象吗?对于定语1和定语2的排序是不是有哪些原则?后置定语与被修饰的名词之间能否插入状语成分?
学生万分期待曹老师的解答。
1.new guidelines for tort law explaining several confusingpoints
目前分词短语修饰的是划线部分这个名词词组,而不是修饰guidelines这个名词。其逻辑关系可以表述如下:
New guidelines for tort law主语 explain谓语动词 several confusingpoints宾语.
2. the desire of businessmen to maximize profits
这是一个句子压缩成的一个名词词组。原句为:
Businessmen desire to maximize profits.
desire 为谓语动词,businessmen为主语,不定式为宾语。当大家在一个名词的地方上要表示一个句子的意义时,大家用动词的同源名词作中心词,主语用介词of引出,作宾语的不定式不变(由于不定式可以做定语),就得到了the desire of businessmen to maximize profits这个名词词组,其中of介词短语和不定式分别都是desire的定语,二者之间互相没修饰关系。可以删去二者任何一个,名词词组都还是成立的。the desire of businessmen, the desire to maximize profits.
3. We have made a number of creative advances in theoretical research and applied science which are up to advanced world levels.
which的先行词是划线部分这个整体,而不是名词creative advances。介词短语则为creative advances的限制性定语。which从句和in介词短语不在同一个层次上。