在备考英语四级阅读时，重点应放在提升阅读速度和理解文章主旨上。多做训练，熟知容易见到题型和方法，能够帮助应付考试挑战。新东方在线记者为大伙整理了“2024年12月英语四级阅读理解甄选训练（4）”，期望能为大伙带来帮助。
2024年12月英语四级阅读理解甄选训练（4）
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How Your Language Affects Your Wealth and Health
A. Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages affects our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have dramatic long-term consequences.
B. There has been a lot of research into how we deal with the future. For example, the famous marshmallow studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist temptation is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that if they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future reward became more successful young adults.
C. Resisting our impulses for immediate pleasure is often the only way to attain the outcomes that are important to us. We want to keep a slim figure but we also want that last slice of pizza. We want a comfortable retirement, but we also want to drive that dazzling car, go on that dream vacation, or get those gorgeous shoes.
Some people are better at delaying gratification than others. Those people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life style. They are less likely to be impulse buyers or smokers, or to engage in unsafe sex.
D. Chens recent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects our future-oriented behavior. Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and the future. Chens recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. The way these people conceptualize the future is similar to the way they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not feel very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with their future interestS.
E. Different languages have different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, Korean, and Russian, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly . Every time English-speakers tall about the future, they have to use future markers such as "will" or "going to." In other languages, such as Mandarin, Japanese, and German, future markers are not obligatory . The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood from the context. A Mandarin speaker who is going to go to a 百度竞价推广inar might say "Wo qu ting jiangzuo," which translates to "I go listen 百度竞价推广inar." Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of languages such as Mandarin future feels closer. As a consequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers.
F.Chert analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. This data includes peoples economic decisions, such as whether they saved any money last year, the languages they speak at home, demographics , and cultural factors such as "saving is an important cultural value for me."
He also analyzed individual-level data on peoples retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. Lastly, he analyzed national-level data that inchides national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages.
G. Peoples savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religious connection, their countries legal systems, and their cultural values. After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on peoples savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to save money for the future. This effect is as large as the effect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well.
H. Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise more, and generally be healthier in older age. Countries national savings rates are also affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people speaking languages that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher.
I.At a more practical level, researchers have been looking for ways to help people act in accordance with their long-term interests. Recent, findings suggest that making the future feel closer to the present might improve future-oriented behavior. For instance, researchers recently presented people with renderings of their future selves made using age-progression algorithms that forecast how physical appearances would change over time. One group of participants saw a digital representation of their current selves in a virtual mirror, and the other group saw an age-morphed version of their future selves. Those participants who saw the age- morphed version of their future selves allocated more money toward a hypothetical savings account. The intervention brought peoples future to the present and as a result they saved more for the future.
J.Chens research shows that language structures our future-related thoughts. Language has been used before to alter time perception with surprising effects. Ellen Langer and colleagues famously improved older peoples physical health by simple interventions including asking them to talk about the events of twenty years ago as if it they were happening now. Talking about the past as if it were the present changed peoples mindsets and their mindsets affected their physical states. Chens research points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can move the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have dramatic influences on our judgments and decisions.
46. Usually, preventing ourselves from enjoying immediate pleasure impulsively is the only way to achieve the outcomes that are important to us.
47. The structure of languages influences us when we are making a judgment or decision about the future.
48. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers and being unemployed nearly share the same percentage of decreasing the likelihood of saving.
49. According to the well-known marshmallow studies, people who can resist temptation tend to be successful in the future.
50. People who speak languages like English are more likely to feel that the future events are distant.
51. National savings rates of countries are influenced by language as well.
52. In Chens recent research, people who speak languages in which the present and the future are weakly distinguished are more prepared for the future.
53. Recent findings show that it is possible to improve future-oriented behavior through making the future feel closer to the present.
54. Through simple interventions, Ellen Langer and colleagues made the physical health of the older people changed for the better.
55. Chen made an analysis of individual-level statistics from 76 developed and developing nations.
语言怎么样影响你的财富与健康
A.大家所说的语言会不会决定大家将来的健康和财富?耶鲁商学院Keith Chen所做的一项新研究表明事实正是这样。[47]语言结构会干扰大家对将来的判断和决定，而这或许会产生极其长远的影响。
B)关于大家怎么样应付将来的研究有不少。[49]比如，由 Walter Mischel一和他的同事们一块进行的著名的“棉花糖实验”表明：可以抵御魅惑预示着将来的成功。实验中，实验员给一些4岁的孩子每个人一块棉花糖，并告诉他们，假如等到实验员回来他们还没吃掉棉花糖的话，他们就能得到两块棉花糖而不是一块。后续研究显示，那些可以为更大的远期回报而等待的孩子在成年后更为成功。
C.[46]大家要想获得一些对自己来讲尤为重要的成就，抵制住眼前的一时痛快总是是唯1的方法。大家想要维持好身材，却又想要最后那块比萨。大家想要舒舒服服地退休，却也想开豪车，完成梦寐以求的旅游或者买华丽的鞋子。一些人在推迟满足感上比别的人做得好。他们更大概积累财富并维持一种健康的生活方法。他们不大可能成为冲动购物者或抽烟者，也不大或许会发生危险的性行为。
D.Chen近期的研究结果表明，语言这一看上去不太可能的原因，对大家将来的行为有着巨大的影响。在一些语言中非常明显区域分了目前和以后，而在其他语言中，这种差别很模糊。[52]Chen近期的研究表明：用不太区别目前和以后的语言的人对将来筹备更充分。他们会积累更多的财富，也更能维持自己健康。这类人构想将来的方法和他们构思目前的方法类似。因此，他们感觉将来并不遥远，而且对于他们来讲，采取与其将来利益相符的行为方法也更为容易。
E.当谈论以后时，不一样的语言有不一样的表达方法。一些像英语、韩语及俄语之类的语言需要他们的用法者了解明确地指出以后。讲英语的人每次谈到以后时需要用相应的标志性词语，比如“将”或“计划”。而其他的一些语言，像中国的中文、日语和德语则未必非要那样。大家谈论将来和谈论目前的方法相似，要通过语境才能理解意思。一个说中文的人假如计划去听讲坛，或许会说“我去听讲坛”，译成英语就是“I go listen 百度竞价推广inar”。[50]诸如英语如此的语言会不断提醒其用户将来是非常遥远的。而对于说中文之类语言的人来讲，将来则看上去非常近。因此，讲中文的人更容易抵抗一时冲动，也更会为未拳投资。
F.[55]Chen剖析了来自76个发达国家和进步中国家的个人层面的数据。这类数据包含大家的经济决策、在家里所用的语言、人口统计数据与一些文化原因，如“储蓄对于我来讲是一种尤为重要的文化价值观”。他还剖析了关于大家的退休资产、抽烟和运动习惯与老年人的总体健康情况等个人层面的数据。最后，他剖析了国家层面的数据，包含国民储蓄率、国内生产总值及其增长率、国家人口统计数据与用不同语言的人所占的比率。
G.诸如收入、教育水平、年龄、宗教信仰、所在国的法律体系及文化价值观等各种原因都影响着大家的储蓄率。排除去这类原因，语言对大家储蓄率的巨大影响就突显了出来。[48]用像英语这种需要明确表明“将来”的语言使得大家为来储蓄的可能性减少了三成。该影响和失业的影响差不多大。因为失业，储蓄的可能性也降了大约三成。
H.类似的剖析显示，用未必需要标明“将来”的语言，譬如中文，可以叫人们积累更多的退休资产，少抽烟，多训练，并且在老年时大体上更健康。[51]语言同样也影响着一个国家的国民储蓄率。假如一个国家的大多数人用的语言不需要需要表明“将来”，这个国家的国家储蓄率总是会更高。
I.从更实质的角度来看，研究者们一直在探寻办法帮助大家采取与其长远将来的利益相符的行为方法。[53]最近的研究表明，一让将来看上去离目前更近或许可以改变大家针对将来的行为表现。比如，研究者近期就用年龄预见算法预测出大家容颜的变化，然后将受访者将来的样子呈现给他们。一组参与者在虚拟镜像里看见了目前自我的数字影像，另一组人看见了将来的自己容颜随年龄变化的影像那些看到自己年老模样的参与者将更多的钱拨到一个虚拟的储蓄账户中。这种干涉办法将大家的将来带到了当下，于是他们会为将来存更多的钱。
J.Chen的研究表明，正是语言形成了大家关于将来的想法。之前语言曾被用来改变大家对时间的怎么看，并且成效惊人。[54]Enen Langer和她的同事们通过简单的干涉很大地改变了老年人的身体健康：这类干涉方法包含让他们谈论20年前的事情，就像那些事情目前正在发生一样。用目前时谈论过去的事情改变了人的心态，而心态影响着人的身体情况。Chen的研究指出了大家谈论将来的方法或许会影响大家的心态的可能性。语言可以让将来在大家的心理空间中来回穿梭，而这大概对大家的判断和决策产生很大的影响。
46.C
分析：题干意为，让自己不要冲动地贪图一时之乐一般是获得那些对大家来讲尤为重要的成就的唯1方法。注意抓住题干中的重点信息enjoying immediate pleasure、the only way和outcomes that are important to us。文中论及克制冲动、推迟满足感的内容出目前C段，该段首句提到，大家要想获得一些 对自己来讲尤为重要的成就，抵制住眼前的一时痛快总是是唯1的方法。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为C。
47.A
分析：题干意为，语言结构会在大家做出一个关乎将来的判断或决定时对大家产生影响。注意抓住题干中的重点信息the structure of languages、judgement or decision和the furore。文中A段即提出本文论题：语言会不会决定大家将来的健康和财富?该段下面的内容则对此论题给予了一定陈述，该段末句提到，语言结构会干扰大家对将来的判断和决定，而这或许会产生极其长远的影响。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为A。
48.G
分析：题干意为，用需要明确表明将来的语言和失业在减少大家为以后储蓄的可能性方面有哪些用途近乎相同。注意抓住题干中的重点信息a language that has obligatory future markers、being unemployed和 decreasing the likelihood of saving。文中论述语言和失业与个人储蓄率之间关系的内容出目前G段，该段第三句和第四句提到.用像英语这种需要明确表明“将来”的语言使得大家为将来储蓄的可能性减少了三成，如此一种影响跟失业的影响差不多。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。
49.B
分析：题干意为，依据著名的棉花糖实验，可以抵御魅惑的人趋向于在将来获得成功。注意抓住题干中的重点信息marshmallow studies、resist temptation和to be successful in the future。文章的8段描述了著名的棉花糖实验，该段第二句提到，由WalterMischel和他的同事们一块进行的著名的“棉花糖实验”表明：可以抵御魅惑预示着将来的成功。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为B。
50.E
分析：题干意为，用英语之类的语言的人比较容易觉得将来的事情非常遥远。注意抓住题干中的重点信息languageslikeEnglish和thefuture events are distant。文中涉及英语等不同语种对人感知将来远近产生影响的内容出目前E段，该段倒数第三句提到，诸如英语如此的语言会不断地提醒其用户将来是非常遥远的。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为E。
51.H
分析：题干意为，每个国家的国民储蓄率也遭到语言的影响。注意抓住题干中的重点信息national savings ratesofcountries和influencedbylanguage。文中第H段论述了语言对国民储蓄率的影响，该段第二句提到，语言同样也影响着一个国家的国民储蓄率。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为H。
52.D
分析：题干意为，在Chen近期的研究中，那些用不明显区别目前和将来的语言的人可以更好地为以后做好筹备。注意抓住题干中的重点信息Chen’s recent research、weakly distinguished和more prepared forthefuture。文章D段介绍了Chert的最新研究成就，该段第四句提到，用不太区别目前和将来的语言的人对将来筹备得更充分。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。
53.I
分析：题干意为，近期的研究发现，通过让将来看上去离目前更近或许可以改变大家针对将来的表现。注意抓住题干中的重点信息recent findings、improve future—oriented behavior和feel closer。文章的l段论述了科学家们试图探寻办法，使大家更多地考虑长远利益。该段第二句提到，最近的研究发现，让将来看上去离目前更近或许可以改变大家针对将来的行为表现。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为I。
54.J
分析：题干意为，通过简单的干涉，EllenLanger和同事们让老年人的身体健康情况得到改变。注意抓住题干中的重点信息simple interventions、Ellen Langer and colleagues和physical health。涉及通过简单干涉改变老人身体健康的内容出目前J段，该段第三句提到，EllenLanger和她的同事们通过简单的干涉很大地改变了老年人的身体健康。这类干涉方法包含让他们谈论20年前的事情，就像那些事情目前正在发生一样。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为J。
55.F
分析：题干意为，Chen对来自76个发达国家和进步中国家的个人层面的数据进行了剖析。注意抓住题干中的重点信息analysis of individual—level statistics和76 developed and developing nations。文中涉及Chen所剖析的数据的内容出目前F段，该段首句提到，Chen剖析了来自76个发达国家和进步中国家的个人层面的数据。这样来看，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为F。
以上就是新东方在线记者为大伙收拾的“2024年12月英语四级阅读理解甄选训练（4）”全部内容啦，预祝各位小伙伴顺利通过四级考试!
