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leave sb/sth to be + adj 结构的理解困惑

来源:www.maddnj.com 2024-10-26

He left the bathroom unwashed.

书上说可以理解成如下2种:

1)He left the bathroom without washing himself.

2) He left the bathroom to be unwashed.


请教老师:

a)He left the bathroom unwashed. 可否如此理解:把the bathroom unwashed看成一个整体, unwashed是the bathroom的后置定语,然后整个作left(离开)的单宾语,

意思是他离开了那个没清洗的浴缸。意思是:他刚刚站在一个没清洗的浴缸旁,后来,他走开(离开)了。

如此理解可否?也就是说,可以有除去书上说的第3种理解?


b)

He left the bathroom to be unwashed.

I think him to be nice.

We all believe him to be very honest.

上面这类的句子中,to be 都可以省略掉,即动词+宾语+adj作宾补。

请教老师,不定式通常来讲,不是表示将来动作吗?那样,在这里,to be 不定式在时间上,是表示“将来”含义吗?

假如不是,这里的to be不定式在时间轴上,表示过去,目前,将来 - 什么呢?


leave作为使役动词,可将来接复合宾语,宾补为形容词,表示用宾语处于某种状况。《韦氏高阶》的解释和例句如下:

to cause to be or remain in a specified condition or position

Years of pollution hasleft[=made] the water undrinkable.

Their argumentlefthim angry and confused.

The accidentlefthim paralyzed.

Your kind wordsleaveme speechless.

这种结构一般是不需要系词to be的。

leave也可将来接不定式作宾补,但意义不同

If peopleleave you to dosomething, they do not help you do it.

Heleft me to findmy own way home.

She wasleft to finishthe job by herself.


你老师对你说那个句子有歧义,是由于及物动词+宾语+形容词,该形容词可能是描述主语的状况,此时为形容词作状语。也会形容词 描述的是宾语的状况,则形容词为宾补。

你理解到这一点已经足够。

你一个人剖析形容词作后置定语是不对的。单个形容词不可以作后置定语的。


To Mikee:

think sb to be+形容词,to be是可以省略的。即think是可以接形容词作宾补的(to be的表语为归属性表语时,to be可以省略。确认性表语不可省略to be).

I think the man honest. to be可省略

I think the man to be Tom. to be不可省略


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