SECTION III
Time35 minutes
26 Questions
Directions: Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is, the response that most accurately1 and completely answers the question, and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
Immigrants adoption2 of English as their primary language is one measure of assimilation into the larger United States society. Generally languages define social groups and provide justification3 for social structures. Hence, a distinctive4 language sets a cultural group off from the dominant5 language group. Throughout United States history this pattern has resulted in one consistent, unhappy consequence discrimination against members of the cultural minority Language differences provide both a way to rationalize subordination and a ready means for achieving it.
Traditionally, English has replaced the native language of immigrant groups by the second or third generation. Some characteristics of todays Spanish-speaking population, however, suggest the possibility of a departure from this historical pattern. Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth6 between their present and former communities. This revolving door phenomenon, along with the high probability of additional immigrants from the south, means that large Spanish-speaking communities are likely to exist in the United States for the indefinite future.
This expectation underlies7 the call for national support for bilingual education in Spanish-speaking communities public schools. Bilingual education can serve different purposes, however. In the 1960s, such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English. More recently, many advocates have viewed bilingual education as a means to maintain childrens native languages and cultures. The issue is important for people with different pole to separatism at the other.
To date, the evaluations8 of bilingual educations impact on learning have been inconclusive. The issue of bilingual education has, nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nations Hispanic communities. Grounded in concerns about status that are directly traceable to the United States history of discrimination against Hispanics, the demand for maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools is an assertion of the worth of a people and their culture. If the United States is truly a multicultural9 nation----that is, if it is one culture reflecting the contributions of many --- this demand should be seen as a demand not for separation but for inclusion.
More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided. For example, movement to declare English the official language do not truly advance the cohesion10 of a multicultural nation. They alienate11 the twenty million people who do not speak English as their mother tongue. They are unnecessary since the publics business is already conducted largely in English. Further, given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning, it would be unwise to require the universal use of English. Finally, it is for parents and local communities to choose the path they will follow, including hoe much of their culture they want to maintain for their children
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