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职称英语|全国职称英语考试综合类AB级课堂笔记词语2

来源:www.laomaji.com 2024-04-27
例题分析:
词语选择(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面共有15句子,每一个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线,请从每一个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答卷卡相应的地方上。
1.A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firms products.
A) invested B) introduced C) installed D) insisted
答案及分析:B. 解题思路:借用画线短语核心词(bring)的基本含义带来/引起,并借用与画线结构相直接有关的结构含义(水平控制系统被。。)判断B是答案。
Invest: vt.(常与in连用)投入(资金,精力,时 间等)
e.g. Ive invested a lot of time and effort in this plan.
我已在这计划中投入了很多的时 间和精力
insist: vi, vt(常与on, that连用)倡导;坚持, 坚持需要
e.g. We insist on / upon self-reliance.
大家坚持自食其力。
e.g. We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.
大伙都坚决需要不完工就不休息
2.Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.
A) convert B) store C) utilize1 D)receive
答案及分析: C. 解题思路:被选项是动词时关注所给句子中的空格后续结构,因此关注原句中的宾语:the energy of the sun(太阳能)。被选项中:convert一般用在convertinto的结构中,而原句中没如此的结构,所以排除A;而依据句意凭着知识store(储存)和 receive太阳能不是刚进步的新技术,所以也排除掉。答案为C。
补充:
convert: vt.(常与into连用)转变;变换; 兑换
e.g. That building has been converted into a school.
那座楼房改成学校了。
e.g. I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars.
我想把一些港元换成USD
3. Hundreds of years ago cloves2 (丁香)were used to remedy headaches.
A) disrupt B) diagnose C) evaporate D) cure
答案及分析: D. 解题思路:备选答案均为动词,关注原句中的宾语headaches(头痛)。解题思路:在习惯搭配上,B和D都可带疾病类的词作宾语,但头痛不需要diagnose (诊断),却可cure (治疗)头痛,所以答案为D。另外diagnose 的使用方法是:diagnose as...,如:The plastic surgeon diagnosed my illness as a rare bone disease./整形外科大夫诊断出我的病是一种罕见的骨病。
4. Experts generally agree that diet has an important bearing on ones health.
A) result B) factor C) cause D) influence
答案及分析: D。 解题思路:从习惯搭配的角度解题:只有D才能和介词on搭配用。
补充:
influence n. (常与on连用)影响力;感化力; vt. 影响
e.g. Many a woman has had an influence upon her husband. 很多妇女对其老公有影响。
Bearing: n. (与on, upon连用)关系
e.g. What they have done has no bearing on the promotion3 of sales.
他们所干的事情与这次优惠活动毫无联系

5. Mary was compelled to take in washing to help support her family.
A) pleaded B) appealed C) forced D) instructed
答案及分析: C. 解题思路:借用句意:Mary。。在家帮其他人洗衣服以帮助养家糊口。而C的意思比较合适句意。被选项中:
补充:
appeal常用appeal to sb./sth.的结构,表示:呼吁,恳求,吸引,引起兴趣;to appeal for aid/求助;
plead是 恳求,托词,以作藉口,为辩护;为抗辩,plead the rights of the unemployed4 /为失业者的权利据理力争;
instruct教;一般的使用方法是:instruct sb. in sth. 如:instruct a class in history /教授一个班的历史;(常与to inf连用)命令,如:instruct sb. to start early /命令某人早动身
take in: v. 同意, 吸收, 理解, 欺骗
take A for B: v. 把A误以为B
take ..into account/consideration: v. 看重, 考虑
take part in..: v. 参与, 参加
take pride in.. v. 以...为骄傲
6. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year.
A) goods B) soil
C) climate D) harvest
答案及分析: D。在该句中yield 是用作名词(由于该词的前面有不定冠词a),解题思路:抓住句子中与划线部分有关的结构或用词特征。能与不定冠词a搭配用的被选项只有C和D(气候,倾向, 风气,如:a mild climate温和的气候)。再借用句子中其他特点词:farm,判断harvest收获是答案。
Yield: vt, vi出产, (常与to连用)舍弃;投降;让步 n. 产量;收获
e.g. That tree yields fruits. 这种树结果。
e.g. The army yielded when it was attacked.
当这支军队遭到进攻时投降了
7. If a country wants to develop its economy successfully, there has to be a clear appraisal5 of its social needs.
A)aptitude6 B) assurance C) insurance D)assessment7
答案及分析: D. 解题思路:搭配结构Appraisal n. 评价, 估价
Aptitude: n. 能力;才能;天资
assurance n 自信;把握 , 保险
e.g. life assurance 人寿保险
Assessment n.评估,怎么看
e.g. What is your assessment of the situation?
你对时局的怎么看怎么样
8. To a first-year student, the doctoral degree is a distant expectation.
A. aspect B. respect C. prospect8 D. spectacle
答案及分析:C.解题思路:句意。
Aspect n 模样;面貌, 方面
e.g. only one aspect of the problem
只不过问题的一个方面
prospect n期望;期望
e.g. Theres not much prospect of Mr Smiths being elected as Congressman9.
史密斯先生被选为议员的期望不大。
Spectacle n.观览物, 展览物, 奇观, 景象
9.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
A) p ermanent B) powerful
C) striking D) practical
答案及分析: C. 解题思路:依据画线词的家族词(drama)的本义和与画线词搭配的结构的意思(变化),判断C是答案。
Striking: adj. 引人注意的;显著的
Dramatic: adj. 戏剧的;有关戏剧的; 引人注目的


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